The Nürnberger Lebkuchen is a soft honey-and-spice biscuit made with walnuts, almonds or hazelnuts, cinnamon, clove, cardamom, allspice and nutmeg. The dough is usually baked on an Oblate, a thin flour wafer that prevents it from sticking to the tin. After baking, it may be plain, covered with chocolate or sugar icing, or decorated with almonds.
Nuremberg had special conditions to become the city of Lebkuchen. It was a meeting point for trade routes through which spices from far away arrived, and the surrounding forests had beekeepers who supplied the honey. There are records of Lebkuchen bakers in the city from 1395, and in 1643 the city council authorized a guild specifically for the trade.
The name is protected. Since 1996, Nürnberger Lebkuchen is a protected geographical indication of the European Union, and only Lebkuchen made within the city limits may use the name. The name covers several types, distinguished by the proportion of nuts and flour. The finest is the Elisenlebkuchen, with at least 25% nuts or almonds and very little flour. According to a local legend, the name honors a baker’s daughter.
Lebkuchen is Nuremberg’s Christmas sweet. During Advent it fills the stalls of the Christkindlesmarkt, the main square’s Christmas market, and the shop windows of the old town’s confectioners. Many households keep their own spice recipes. It is also sold out of season, in decorated tins and boxes that have become souvenirs of the city.