Guavaberry is the English name for arrayán (Myrciaria floribunda), a tree of the dry forests of the Caribbean whose small, round fruit—dark red or orange—has a sweet-and-tart flavor. In the English-speaking Caribbean islands, the fruit gave rise to a Christmas liqueur, and that custom reached the Dominican Republic with the cocolos.
Cocolos is the name given in the Dominican Republic to Afro‑Caribbean immigrants from islands such as Antigua, St. Kitts and Nevis, Montserrat, Dominica, St. Lucia and Tortola. From the 1880s onward they arrived in the province of San Pedro de Macorís to work in the sugar mills, cutting cane and in technical roles, because they spoke English. They brought their language, religion, the Guloyas dance and recipes such as guavaberry.
The fruit ripens at the end of the year, between October and December, in time for Christmas. For the liqueur, it is cooked with brown sugar, cinnamon, clove, allspice, ginger and sometimes raisins and vanilla, until it forms a kind of jam, which is then mixed with rum and left to rest before straining. Each family has its own recipe, and bottles of guavaberry are a traditional gift at the celebrations.
The liqueur became a symbol of Christmas for the cocolos of San Pedro de Macorís, where it also began to be produced on an industrial scale. In 1987, singer Juan Luis Guerra named an album Guavaberry in tribute to this cultural mix of Macorís. It is an alcoholic drink, served in small shots, chilled.