Haggis is a large, round type of sausage. Sheep offal—such as heart, liver and lung—is minced and mixed with oats, onion, fat, salt and spices, and the mixture is cooked inside a casing. Traditionally the casing was the animal’s stomach; today most commercially sold haggis uses a synthetic casing. Inside, the texture is loose and grainy, and the flavour is meaty and seasoned with pepper.
The dish is served with neeps and tatties: turnip purée and potato purée. It appears in restaurants and pubs across Scotland in both traditional and modern versions, and is sold by butchers and at markets. There are also vegetarian versions made with vegetables, grains and oats.
The exact origin of haggis is debated, and similar dishes existed elsewhere in Europe. What made it Scotland’s national dish was the poem "Address to a Haggis" by Robert Burns, the national poet, in the late 18th century, in which Burns calls it the chief of the pudding-race.
Each year, around January 25 (Burns’s birthday), Scotland celebrates Burns Night with dinners called Burns Suppers. The haggis is brought into the room to bagpipe music, someone recites the poem before it and it is cut, and the dish is served with neeps and tatties, often accompanied by a dram of whisky.